Thinking Skills

Habits of Mind

A Habit of Mind is knowing how to behave intelligently when you DON'T know the answer. A Habit of Mind means having a disposition toward behaving intelligently when confronted with problems, the answers to which are not immediately known: dichotomies, dilemmas, enigmas and uncertainties.


The 16 Habits of Mind identified by Costa and Kallick include:

  • Persisting

  • Thinking and communicating with clarity and precision

  • Managing impulsivity

  • Gathering data through all senses

  • Listening with understanding and empathy

  • Creating, imagining, innovating

  • Thinking flexibly

  • Responding with wonderment and awe

  • Thinking about thinking (metacognition)

  • Taking responsible risks

  • Striving for accuracy

  • Finding humour

  • Questioning and posing problems

  • Applying past knowledge to new situations

  • Remaining open to continuous learning

See for further information

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1 - Persisting

2 - Managing Inpulsivity

3 - Listening With Understanding & Empathy

4 - Thinking Flexibly

5 - Thinking About Your Thinking

6 - Striving For Accuracy

7 - Questioning & Problem Posing

8 - Applying Past Knowledge To New Situations

9 - Thinking & Communicating With Clarity & Precision

10 - Gathering Data Through All Senses

11 - Creating, Imagining, & Innovating

12 - Responding With Wonderment & Awe

13 - Taking Responsible Risks

14 - Finding Humor

15 - Thinking Interdependently

16 - Remaining Open To Continuous Learning